Abstract Oil production in offshore regions involves the transportation of oil and gas in submarine pipelines, which are vulnerable to geological processes triggered by subsurface oil production like fault reactivation. The fault reactivation process can lead to phenomena that impact the seabed, like subsidence and fluid exudation, and can trigger instability of submarine slopes, which can result in environmental and economic damage. The present work addresses a coupled hydromechanical numerical modeling of a hypothetical case involving fault reactivation caused by oil reservoir production and its impact on an overlying submarine slope. The hypothetical case was simulated using a finite element model. The case involves a reservoir which is cut by a fault zone that reaches the seabed. The slope instability studied was induced by the injection and production of fluids in the reservoir. The fault zone is assumed to be a sealing region and a geomechanical and pressure field discontinuity within the reservoir. Int this work was used the Mohr-Coulomb elastoplastic model with Perzyna viscoplastic regularization to represent the behavior of the fault zone and the overlying submarine slope. Results showed that the fault reactivation, caused by the reservoir production, developed shear stress and shear plastic strain along the fault and through the submarine slope, causing horizontal and vertical displacements in the slope mass and acting as a trigger factor for slope stability. Pore pressure increase at the bottom of the slope structure correlated with the injection pressure artificially increased into the reservoir. pipelines seabed exudation slopes damage MohrCoulomb Mohr Coulomb stability

Os videojogos são uma realidade da cultura atual. O presente artigo é realizado com base numa amostra de nove protocolos de Rorschach, de jovens adultos jogadores ativos de videojogos. Os resultados encontrados no Rorschach evidenciam uma dificuldade em compreender corretamente a realidade, uma dinâmica afetiva de tipo introversivo e um elevado nível de angústia. Características que se encontram ligadas a um movimento psíquico onde surgem as questões de força e de autoridade (I e IV), arsenais de guerra (VII), com inscrição em relações afetivas (II e III) ou em lógicas regressivas (VIII, IX e X). Através deste estudo foi possível a construção de um (proto)virtual, com novos Avatares no Rorschach, uma construção tridimensional que entretece o real e o virtual, num domínio da projeção sobre a perceção, onde se contém e (re)significa o (proto)mental.

Video games are a reality of today’s culture. This article is based on a sample of nine Rorschach protocols applied to young adults who are active gamers. The Rorschach results show a difficulty in correctly understanding reality, an introverted affective dynamic and a high level of anxiety — characteristics linked to a psychic movement where matters of strength and authority (I and IV), arsenals of war (VII), with inscription in affective relations (II and III) or with regressive logics (VIII, IX and X) are posed. This study allowed us to build a (proto)virtual, with new Avatars in the Rorschach, a three-dimensional construction that intertwines the real and the virtual, putting projection over perception, where the (proto)mental is (re)signified.

Los videojuegos son una realidad de la cultura en la actualidad. El presente artículo se fundamenta en una muestra de nueve protocolos del Rorschach, de jugadores jóvenes adultos activos. Los resultados encontrados en el Rorschach muestran una dificultad para comprender correctamente la realidad, una dinámica afectiva introvertida y un alto nivel de angustia. Tales características se vinculan a un movimiento psíquico donde surgen cuestiones de fuerza y autoridad (I e IV), arsenales de guerra (VII), con inscripción en relaciones afectivas (II e III) o en lógicas regresivas (VIII, IX y X). Este estudio posibilitó la construcción de un (proto)virtual, con nuevos Avatares en el Rorschach, una construcción tridimensional que entrelaza lo real y lo virtual en un dominio de la proyección sobre la percepción, que contiene y (re)significa el (proto)mental.

Les jeux vidéo sont une réalité de la culture d’aujourd’hui. Cet article est basé sur un échantillon de neuf protocoles de Rorschach appliques à de jeunes adultes qui sont des joueurs actifs. Les résultats du Rorschach montrent une difficulté à bien appréhender la réalité, une dynamique affective introvertie et un niveau élevé d’angoisse —des caractéristiques liées à un mouvement psychique où se posent des questions de force et d’autorité (I et IV), des arsenaux de guerre (VII), avec inscription dans des relations affectives (II et III) ou des logiques régressives (VIII, IX et X). Cette étude nous a permis de construire un (proto)virtuel, avec de nouveaux Avatars au Rorschach, une construction tridimensionnelle qui entrelace le réel et le virtuel, dans un domaine de la projection sur la perception, où le (proto)mentale est (re)signifié.

Abstract For the purpose of road safety, it is vital to reduce the severity of road accidents and increase safety around the roadway area by deploying guardrails. In case of a car crash, a guardrail post must be deformable so that such restraint is not too abrupt due to the occupant’s sensitivity. Soil type influences on the guardrail post behavior have been a somewhat unfounded variable due to the high soil heterogeneity and challenging interpretation of its real implications on the safety of guardrail systems. Since little attention is concentrated on evaluating the guardrail post behavior through simplified procedures, this article aims to provide a simplified experimental and numerical approach to study the behavior of guardrail posts located on organic soil. Results of laboratory and in-situ tests indicated that guardrail posts behavior located on organic soil depends on section orientation, driving depth, and loading speed. To confirm and compare the in-situ tests, simplified numerical simulations through Plaxis 3D software were carried out, and data from numerical modeling approved the accuracy of in-situ results.

Após presidir o Conselho Científico da Comissão Nacional para as Comemorações dos Descobrimentos Portugueses, Joaquim Romero Magalhães desempenhou funções de Comissário-Geral entre fevereiro de 1999 e novembro de 2002. O foco da sua atividade foi o advento dos 500 anos da viagem de Pedro Álvares Cabral. Apresentam-se aqui alguns dos mais importantes aspetos dessas celebrações e um testemunho sobre episódios e circunstâncias ainda não divulgados.

After presiding over the Scientific Council of the National Commission for the Commemoration of the Portuguese Discoveries, Joaquim Romero Magalhães held the position of Commissioner-General from February 1999 to November 2002. He focused his attention on the 500th anniversary of Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage to Brazil. This text recalls some of the main aspects of those celebrations and presents a personal view on events and circumstances that have yet to be made public.

Abstract This paper presents the results of a petrographic and diagenetic study of the laminated limestones of the upper part of the Aptian to Albian Crato Formation, northeast of Brazil. The applied techniques were optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer (WDS). Petrographic analysis has revealed that most of the laminated limestones are calcilutites with a dominance of a micritic matrix, indicating a low-energy depositional environment. Microstructures such as microfaults, microfractures, microslumps, and loop bedding were observed. Based on textural, structural and paleontological features, seven microfacies were recognized: massive limestone, limestone with parallel laminations, limestone with undulated laminations, limestone with slumps, limestone with loop bedding, limestone with ostracods and limestone with peloids. In addition, the processes of cementation, dissolution, replacement, recrystallization and compaction, which are related to different diagenetic stages, were also recognized. The diagenetic constituents found in the sections include calcite, pyrite, silica and sulfates. We can conclude that a large part of the microstructures (microfaults, microfractures, microslumps and loop bedding) can be related to local seismicity, probably due to the reactivation of the Patos Shear Zone. The diagenetic constituents indicate an early to late diagenesis (eogenetic, mesogenetic and telogenetic stage).

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación en sociología sobre el turismo en la ciudad de Oporto en el año de 2015, vista a través de los modos emergentes de viaje city break. Nos esforzamos por comprender, a través de las miradas de los turistas extranjeros y de las imágenes que le dan forma turística, si Oporto era una ciudad “auténtica”, como ninguna otra, en el contexto del galopante crecimiento que el turismo ha visto allí y en Portugal durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo veintiuno, sujetos a un circuito europeo más grande. Las conclusiones más relevantes apuntan hacia el viraje turístico y global de Oporto, recibiendo cada vez más visitantes, encontrándose con efectos potencialmente nefastos derivados; pero manteniendo - a los ojos del turista extranjero que lo visita - su autenticidad, única a su manera, y a la manera distinta de cada uno que contempla y vivencia esta ciudad.

O presente artigo resulta de uma investigação sociológica sobre o turismo na cidade do Porto no ano de 2015, entendido na sua configuração emergente de city break. Procurou-se compreender - a partir dos olhares de turistas estrangeiros que a visitam, bem como de imagens que a constroem como destino turístico - se o Porto seria uma cidade “autêntica”, diferente das outras, no contexto de crescimento galopante que o turismo regista em e para Portugal nas primeiras duas décadas do século XXI, subjacente a um circuito europeu mais amplo. As conclusões mais relevantes apontam para a viragem turística e global do Porto, recebendo cada vez mais visitantes, deparando-se com efeitos potencialmente nefastos daí derivados; mas mantendo - aos olhos do turista estrangeiro que o visita - a sua autenticidade, única à sua maneira, e à maneira distinta de cada um que contempla e vivencia esta cidade.

Cet article est le résultat d'une recherché en sociologie sur le tourisme dans la ville de Porto pendant l'année 2015, vu à travers de nouveaux modes de tourisme urbains, comme le city break. Nous avons essayé de comprendre, à travers les regards des touristes étrangers et les images qui font la ville touristique, si Porto était une ville “authentique”, pas comme les autres, dans le contexte de croissance rapide que le tourisme a connu au Porto et au Portugal pendant les deux premières décennies du XXIe siècle, soumises à un circuit européen plus large. Les conclusions les plus pertinentes pointent vers le virage touristique et global de Porto, recevant de plus en plus de visiteurs, rencontrant des effets potentiellement néfastes qui en découlent ; mais en gardant - aux yeux du touriste étranger qui la visite - son authenticité, unique à sa manière, et à la manière distincte de chacun qui contemple et expérimente cette ville.

This article is the outcome of a research in Sociology about tourism in the city of Porto in the year of 2015, viewed through the emerging city break modes of travel. We endeavored to understand, through the foreign tourists' gazes as well as from images that shape the city as touristic, whether Porto was an “authentic” city, unlike any other, in the context of rampant growth tourism has seen there and in Portugal during the first two decades of the twenty-first century, subject to a larger European circuit. The most relevant conclusions point toward the touristic and global turn of Porto, with ever-growing visitors, and grappling with potentially nefarious effects derived therefrom; but keeping - in the eyes of the foreign tourist who visits it - its authenticity, unique in its own way, and in the distinct way of each one who experiences and beholds this city.

ABSTRACT The Ipubi Formation represents the Aptian-Albian siliciclastic-evaporitic succession of Araripe Basin, NE Brazil. This succession comprises siliciclastic rocks (bituminous shales and claystones) and evaporites (gypsum and secondary anhydrite) and represents part of the lacustrine-shallow marine post-rift phase I. This study used sequence stratigraphy concepts to define the relations between changes in the relative lake level and the formation of Ipubi deposits. Results show that the organic-rich shales of the Ipubi Formation formed during a transgressive pulse that covered large areas of the proximal domains. These deposits overlie a regional unconformity that marks the end of the deposition of the underlying Crato Formation. A High Stand stage that followed the transgression influenced the formation of evaporitic deposits. Climate conditions played a major role in influencing the triggering and stopping of evaporite deposition. Thus, a new relative lake level fall event caused the exposure of the Ipubi Formation deposits, and created another regional subaerial unconformity accompanied by widespread karstification of evaporite beds. A posterior transgression caused the deposition of siliciclastic rocks of the Romualdo Formation over the Ipubi Formation strata, and also promoted a new event of karstification of the Ipubi upper evaporite beds.

Micofenolato de mofetila (MMF) e micofenolato sódico (MPS) são, respectivamente, éster e sal sódico do ácido micofenólico. Os fármacos possuem características farmacocinéticas distintas em função das diferenças na estrutura molecular, nas propriedades físico-químicas e nas formulações administradas. Neste trabalho, os perfis de dissolução dos medicamentos referências foram testados em diferentes meios de dissolução com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da variação de pH, a cinética de dissolução e o modelo estatístico mais adequado para prever a dissolução dos fármacos. A liberação dos fármacos foi determinada com método validado por espectroscopia no ultravioleta, λ 250 nm. O método mostrou-se seletivo, linear, preciso e exato para dissolução de MMF em 0,1 M HCl e MPS em tampão fosfato pH 6,8. Os modelos cinéticos de dissolução de ordem zero, primeira ordem, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell e Weibull foram aplicados com o objetivo de selecionar aquele com o melhor ajuste por regressão linear. Os parâmetros de regressão foram estimados e os ajustes dos modelos foram verificados pelos resíduos e coeficientes de determinação. Os resíduos obtidos foram aleatórios, independentes, apresentaram variância constante e seguiram a distribuição normal. Os valores de R² (74,7% para MMF e 95,8% para MPS) indicaram bom ajuste da regressão de Weibull para explicar a variabilidade e estimar a liberação dos fármacos.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and mycophenolate sodium (MPS) are an ester and a salt of mycophenolic acid. They have different kinetic in vivo characteristics due to differences in molecular structures, physicochemical properties and formulations administered. In this study, dissolution profiles of reference products were tested in different media to evaluate the effect of pH, kinetic dissolution and the best statistical model that can be used to predict the release of both drugs. The drug release was determined by using a validated ultraviolet spectrophotometry method, λ 250 nm. The method showed to be selective, linear, precise and accurate for MMF in 0.1 M HCl and MPS in sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Dissolution kinetics models of zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Weibull were applied to data in order to select the best fit by linear regression. The regression parameters were estimated and the models were evaluated with the results of residuals and coefficient of determination. The residuals obtained from dissolution kinetics models were random, uncorrelated, and normally distributed with constant variance. The R² values (74.7% for MMF and 95.8% for MPS) demonstrated good ability of the Weibull regression to explain the variability and to predict the drugs' release.

Embora associada à adoção de tecnologias de conservação do solo, a intensificação dos sistemas de produção agropecuária tem induzido a um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelos agricultores, a compactação do solo, seja em sistemas de plantio direto ou em sistemas de plantio convencional e pastagem. Este estudo foi realizado em Rio Verde, GO, em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, nos seguintes sistemas: plantio direto há 14 anos (SD14); plantio direto há oito anos (SD8); plantio direto há dois anos (SD2); preparo convencional (PC); pastagem (P) e floresta (F). A resistência à penetração do solo foi determinada utilizando-se o penetrômetro de Impacto Modelo IAA/Planalsucar - Stolf, a partir da superfície do solo até a profundidade de 0,40 m; determinaram-se, também, a densidade do solo e a granulometria. O plantio convencional apresentou menor resistência à penetração, na profundidade 0-0,10 m, enquanto o SD2 indicou maior resistência à penetração até 0,40 m de profundidade. Abaixo da profundidade de 0,15 m não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos PC, SD8, SD14. Os dois primeiros anos de adoção do sistema de plantio direto são críticos quanto à resistência a penetração nas camadas superficiais do solo.

The intensification of agricultural production systems has caused soil compaction even when soil conservation technologies are adopted. Soil compaction is one of the main problems for farmers, both in no-tillage and in conventional-tillage systems, as well as in pasture. This study was conducted in Rio Verde, (State of Goias), on Red-Yellow Latosol under the following systems: no-tillage for 14 years (SD14); no-tillage for 8 years (SD8); no-tillage for 2 years (SD2); conventional tillage (CT); pasture (P) and forest (F). The soil resistance to penetration was measured by the impact penetrometer Model IAA/Planalsucar - Stolf, from soil surface to the soil depth of 0.40 m. Soil bulk density and granulometry were also determined. Conventional tillage had lower resistance to penetration at the 0-0.10 m depth, whereas SD2 had more resistance up to 0.40 m in depth. There were no significant differences below 0.15 m in depth among treatments CT, SD8, and SD14. The first two years under the no-tillage system are critical, with regard to the resistance to penetration in to the soil surface layers.